What routing type facilitates route load balancing and fault tolerance?

Dynamic routing protocols are designed to facilitate route load balancing and fault tolerance through their ability to automatically adjust to network changes. These protocols can gather and share routing information between routers, allowing them to make real-time decisions about the best paths for data to travel.

When a dynamic routing protocol detects a failure in the network (such as a downed link or router), it can quickly reroute traffic to an alternative path, thereby providing fault tolerance. Moreover, many dynamic routing protocols, like OSPF and EIGRP, support Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) routing. This allows them to distribute outbound traffic across multiple valid routes to the same destination, enhancing load balancing across the network.

In contrast, static routing does not adapt to network changes unless manually altered, making it less resilient in dynamic environments. Default routing sends packets to a predefined route when there is no specific match in the routing table and doesn't provide load balancing. Manual routing, akin to static routing, does not automate adjustments to network changes, thus losing out on the benefits of dynamic adaptation.